Magazine and the like and method and apparatus for binding the same



K. J. YOHN ETAL LIKE AND MET April 27, 1965 FOR BINDING THE SAME 4Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 11, 1961 mm m 8 mm whwh w 1 Wm m V I m w. u;A, v

i N Qx RIG 2 H H l 4% Ja ww M T I? 5 I 51. w W QM/ w M NM w NM NM WW IWW April 27, 1965 K. J. YOHN ETAL MAGAZINEAND THE LIKE AND METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR BINDING THE SAME Filed Aug. 11, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 f flM r: WWW :1 g w v w W T m l 4 M LU 1 Pl Ma 6 @w Q v w, ww a- W m n i l l5. V m 3 ti? .5 Tm m; 3&1; 1% w o. W I m .2; Q\ M Q wm wm h /R YUM. RNMS QM.

A ril 27, 1965 K. J. YOHN ETAL MAGAZINE AND THE LIKE 'AND METHOD ANDAPPARATUS FOR BINDING THE SAME 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 11', 1961 p1965 K. J. YOHN ETAL 1 3,179,967

MAGAZINE AND THE LIKE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR BINDING THE SAMEFiled Aug. 11, 1961 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 3,17%,9-67 MAGAZEVE AND THE LIKEAND METHOD AND APPARATUS Filll BlNDlNG THE SAME Kenneth J. Yohn,Mendota, and Wendell W. Palmer, La Grange, Ill, assignors to The WaysidePress Inc, Mendota, llL, a corporation of Illinois Filed Aug. 11, 1961,Ser. No. 130,877 4 Claims. (Cl. 11-1) The present invention relates to anovel method and apparatus for assembling and binding books, magazinesand the like.

In the binding of magazines, certain books and the like, one procedurewhich has heretofore been widely adopted comprises the steps ofgathering a plurality of pages together, .then stapling or stitching thepages adjacent a margin thereof and finally applying a cover around thepages. While this procedure has been and still is widely used, onedisadvantage of magazines and the like processed in this manner whichhas long been recognized is that the staples frequently prevent themagazine from being opened sufiiciently to expose writing or othermaterial printed on extreme marginal portions of the pages. Furthermore,the staples make it difficult and sometimes practically impossible toopen a magazine sufliciently so that the pages will lie flat and so thatthe magazine will remain open to the desired page without constantlybeing held by the person using the magazine or in some other manner.

Proposals have heretofore been made for binding magazines and the likewithout the aid of staples or stitching, but such proposals havegenerally required the use of very expensive machinery and thereplacement of existing equipment. Thus, a major portion of themagazines and the like are presently bound with the aid of staples orstitching.

An important object of the present invention is to provide a novelmethod and apparatus for binding a plurality of pages of an article suchas a magazine, book or the like without the aid of staples, stitching orsimilar fastening means.

A further important object of the present invention is to provide anovel method and apparatus for binding magazines, books and similararticles without the aid of staples, stitching and the like but with theaid of much of the existing equipment. In other words, the presentinvention contemplates that existing binding machinery may be largelyretained and modified for securing the pages of the magazine or the likewithout staples or similar fastening elements.

A still further important object of the present invention is to providea relatively economical method and apparatus for binding pages ofmagazines, books and the like without the aid of staples, stitching orsimilar fastening means.

Another and more specific object of the present invention is to providea novel article such as a magazine, book or the like and method andapparatus for binding the same, which article is formed so that pagesthereof are solely adhesively connected together.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following description and the accompanying drawingswherein:

FIG. 1 is a simplified side elevational View showing a magazine or bookbinding apparatus incorporating features of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken generally alongline 3-6 in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4- is a fragmentary perspective View showing a portion of theapparatus in greater detail;

"T9 Patent m 3,l79,%? Patented Apr. 27, 1955 FIG. 5 is a fragmentarysectional view taken generally along line 55 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is a further enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken generallyalong line 7-7 in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line 88 in FIG. 7;

FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12 are fragmentary sectional views showing certainof the successive steps in the process of the present invention; and

FIG. 13 is a view showing an article such as a magazine formed inaccordance with the present invention.

In FIG. 13 a magazine 20 incorporating features of the present inventionis shown. The magazine comprises a plurality of pages 22 which areprocessed in the manner described in detail below and which are securedtogether solely by means of a quantity of glue or adhesive 24. As willbe understood, the pages 22 are initially printed on large sheets whichare repeatedly folded to the desired page size. As shown best in FIG. 9,a plurality of such sheets designated by the numerals 28 may be gatheredtogether in the manner described below to provide the magazine, and thenumber of such sheets may, of course, be varied in accordance with therequirements of the particular magazine. As is further shown best inFIG. 9, each of the sheets 28 is folded so as to provide a plurality ofthe pages 22 which are initially joined to each other by folds 30 in thesheets, at least some of which are disposed along the edges of the pageswhich ultimately form the inner margins of the magazine. The article ormagazine 26 also includes a cover 32 which is adhesively secured to thepages 22.

Referring now specifically to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an apparatus34 incorporating features of the present invention. Portions of thisapparatus may be of known construction or may even be provided byexisting equipment and there-fore such portions are shown in simplifiedform herein and need not be described in detail. Thus, the apparatus 34comprises gathering and feeding means 36 for assembling a plurality ofthe folded sheets 28.on a conveyor 38. The means 36 is provided with aplurality of stations 40, 42, 44-, 46 and 48 for receiving supplies ofthe different folded sheets 28. It will be appreciated that the numberof such stations may be varied in accordance with the requirements ofthe magazines, books and the like to be processed. The means 34 alsoincludes feeding arms 50, 52, 54, 56 and 5% associated with each of thesupply stations for delivering successive folded sheets 28 from thesupply stations to the conveyor 33. As previously indicated, the feedarms and associated structures and mechanisms may be of knownconstruction and therefore they are only schematically shown herein. Itsuffices to state that the mechanism is such that as a given portion ofthe movable conveyor means 38 passes the various stations, a foldedsheet 28 is delivered to such portion of the conveyor from each stationand thus, a plurality of the folded sheets 28 are gathered together inthe abutting upstanding relationship shown in FIG. 1 and further shownin greater detail in other figures and particularly FIG. 9.

The conveyor 38 may also be of known construction and therefore needonly be schematically shown. in

a general, the conveyor means 38 includes endless belt means 60 carryinga series of dogs or other suitable elements 62 adapted to engage andadvance successive sets of the folded sheets 28, and suitable guidemeans 64 adapted to engage and retain the sets of sheets 28 as thesheets are advanced along a predetermined path'of travel by the conveyorbelt 60. Of course, suitable means, not shown, are provided forcontinuously driving the endless belt and for actuating the variouselements of the feeding means 36 in timed relationship with the belt.

The apparatus 34 includes a second conveyor 66: adapted to receivesucessive sets of the sheets 28 from the conveyor means 38. The conveyor66 is composed of a plurality of clamping units 68 connected by pins '70to an endless chain structure 71 which encircles sprocket wheels 72 and74 mounted for rotation by generally vertically disposed shafts 76 and78. Suitable means, not shown, are provided for driving the conveyor 66in timed relationship with the conveyor means 38 so that the successiveunits 68 are positioned for receiving successive sets of folded sheets28 from the conveyor means 38. As will be understood, the means fordriving these conveyors in timed relationship with each other and alsoin timed relationship with remaining portions of the apparatus mayinclude a single prime mover and interconnected drive means havingshafts, gearing, drive belts and the like, not shown, or separate primemovers may be provided along with adjustable variable speed drives alsonot shown.

Each of the chain units 68 comprises a pair of rigid plate members 80and 82. The plate member 80 has a pair of ears 84-86 extending from oneend thereof and another ear 88 at its opposite end and the plate member82 has similar ears 92-98 and projecting from opposite ends thereofwhich ears receive the pins or shafts 70. The ears of the plate members80 are fixed on the shafts or pins 70 while the ears of the platemembers 82 are slidably supported by the pins or shafts so that the 4plate members 82 may be moved toward and away from the plate members 80.

The plate members 80 and 82 of each of the units 68 are adapted to bespread apart so as to receive a set of the folded sheets 28 therebetweenand the plate members are further adapted to be moved together so as toclamp the sets of folded sheets therebetween. Various suitable means maybe provided for shifting the plate members 82 which are slidable on thepins or shafts 70 toward and away from the fixed plate members 80 or inother words to and from open and closed positions. For example,compression springs 104 (see FIG. 5) may be provided between abutments105 on the shafts 70 and ends of sleeves 107 fixed to the ears of theplate members for opening the plate members 82. Fixed cam means 106(FIG. 2) may be provided along a portion of the path of travel of thechain unit 68 for shifting the plate members 82 toward a page clampingor closed position.

As shown in FIG. 1, a portion of the conveyor means 38 extends beneathone course of the chain structure of the conveyor means 66 and thenextends upwardly for directing successive sets of the folded pages 28upwardly and between clamping plate members of successive chain units 68at a loading station 109. Then the conveyor means 38 extends generallyhorizontally so as to position the successive sets of folded pages orsheets 28 with the lower or folded margins 30 thereof projecting belowthe lower margins of the plate members 80 and 82 of the units 68 for apurpose described fully below. After the sets of folded sheets 28 havebeen properly positioned between the plate members or successive chainunit 68 at the loading station 109, the plate members 82 of thesuccessive units are moved or actuated by the cam 106 for tightlyclamping the sheets in the proper position while they are continuouslyconveyed along the path of travel of the conveyor chain units 68.

In accordance with important features of the present invention, theapparatus 34 is provided with means 108 associated with the conveyor 66at a work station downstream from the loading station 109 for adhesivelysecuring the pages 22 of the folded sheets 28 together while the sheetsare continuously conveyed along the path of the chain structure of theconveyor 66. The means 108 is shown in simplified form in FIGS. 1 and 2and in greater detail in FIGS. 3-8. The means 108, in accordance withthe present invention, is adapted to remove the folded margins 30 fromthe pages of the folded sheets 28 and prepare the resulting raw edges110 of the pages (see FIGS. 7, 8 and 10) for a subsequent application ofan adhesive material in a manner which enables the adhesive material toconnect the pages securely together.

In order to remove the folded margins 30 and prepare the resulting rawedges of the pages, the means 108 is provided with a pair of rotary orpaper processing heads 112 and 114 shown best in FIGS. 3 and 6-8. Thehead 112 includes a hub member 116 fixed on a rotatably supported anddriven shaft 118. Saw blades or circular cutters 120, 122 and 124 aresecured to the hub member 116 by means of a plurality of screws or thelike 126. The saw blades are preferably axially spaced from each otherby spacers 128 and 130. The saw blades are of progressively increasingdiameter in the direction of movement of the folded sheets 28 as shownby the arrow in FIG. 7 so as to accomplish progressive removal of thefolded margins 30. As shown in FIG. 9, each of the folded sheets 28 mayinclude several pages and a plurality of the folded margins 30 so thatthe saw blades must be constructed and arranged for removing a pluralityof thicknesses of the paper. These thicknesses are preferablyprogressively removed by the blades of progressively increasing diameterso as to minimize any tendency of the saw blades unduly to toughen ortear the paper. Furthermore, it has been found that a smoother and moreefiicient cutting action can be obtained by forming teeth 132, 134 and136 of the saw blades so that they are inclined at a relatively smallacute angle from the plane of the blades in a direction opposite to thedirection of movement of the folded sheets 28.

After the removal of the folded margins 30, ends of the fibers of thepaper are exposed at the raw edges 110 and the paper is prepared to soakup adhesive material over the limited area of the raw edges. In order toincrease the area of the raw edges and to provide for a more effectivebond between the pages and the adhesive material, the head 112 isprovided with means for forming a series of spaced small notches 138 ofgenerally V-shaped configuration in the edges 110 of the pages. Thismeans comprises a radially extending pointed notching tool 140projecting radially outwardly of the largest blade member 124 and fixedto a disc 142 which is secured to the hub along with the blade membersby the screws 126. It will be appreciated that a plurality of the tools140 may be secured to and spaced around the disc 142. Thus, the numberand spacing of the notches 138 may be varied by changing the number ofthe tools 140. Furthermore, the number and spacing of the notches may becontrolled by varying the rotational speed of the head 112 with respectto the lineal speed or rate of advancement of the folded sheets 28 andthis relationship, will of course, be predetermined and varied inaccordance with the results desired.

As shown best in FIGS. 7 and 8, the folded sheets 28 project well belowlower margins of the clamping plate 80 and 82 so as to provide asubstantial amount of clearance between the cutting and notching headand the clamping plates. Thus, the lower marginal portions of the sheetsare unsupported by the plates 80 and 82 so that the pressure and forcesexerted by the saw blades and notching elements of the head structure112 tend to deflect the lower marginal portions of the sheets from thevertical plane. In the embodiment shown, the processing head 112 isrotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 8 so that there is atendency for the lower exposed marginal portions of the sheets to bedeflected toward the right. In order to resist this tendency of theexposed marginal portions of the sheets to bend toward the right, asupporting bar or finger 144 is disposed for engaging and backing up theexposed marginal portions of the sheets as shown best in FIGS. 7 and 8.The backup bar 144 is adjustably mounted to a fixed frame member 146 bymeans of a plurality of screws 148 which extend through elongated slots150 in the frame member.

The cutting or processing head 114 is axially aligned with and disposedin opposing relationship to the head 112 and includes a hub member 152fixed on a rotatably supported and driven shaft 154. The head 114further includes a saw blade 156 and one or more notching tools 158carried by a disc 160, which saw blade and disc are secured to the hubmember by a plurality of screws 162. The saw blade 156 and matching tool158 are adapted to remove ragged or loose pieces of wrapped materialfrom the raw edges 110 of the pages so as to smooth such edges. In orderto accomplish this function and further to resist any tendency for thelower margins of the pages to bend toward the right as viewed in FIG. 8,the teeth 164 of the blade 155 face oppositely from the teeth of theblade members of the head 112 and the head 114 is driven or rotatedoppositely from the direction of rotation of the head 112. Thus, theforces applied to the edges of the paper by the finishing head 114 tendto counteract the bending forces applied by the sawing and notching head112.

in order to drive the heads 112 and 114, an electric motor or primemover 166 is provided as shown best in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, which motor isfixed to a vertically disposed slide plate 168. The plate member 168 isvertically adjustably secured to a portion 17t) of the frame structureof the apparatus by means of screws 172 which extend through verticalslots 174 in the plate member. Suitable means such as a screw member 176adjustably threaded through a fixed ear 178 mounted on the framestructure may be provided for vertically locating or adjusting the platemember 168.

A bevel gear 181) is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 166, whichgear meshes with and drives in opposite directions additional bevelgears 182 and 184. The gears 182 and 184- are respectively fixed on anddrive shafts 186 and 188 which are rotatably supported by suitablebearing means 190-192 and 194-196.

Arms 198 and 2% (see FIGS. 3, 5 and 6) are respectively pivotallyconnected to midportions of the shafts 186 and 188 adjacent first endsthereof and respectively carry bearing members 202 and 204 at oppositeends thereof. The bearing members 2112 and 2&4 respective rotatablysupport the shafts 118 and 154. Outer ends of the shafts 118 and 154carry pulleys 206 and 2 33 respectively fixed thereon. The pulleys 2%and 2% are respectively driven by endless belts 210 and 212 which inturn are driven by pulleys 214 and 216 fixed on outer ends of the driveshafts 1% and 138.

The arms 1198-2019 are normally fixed in substantially verticalpositions by means of bolts 218 and 221) which are connected to theslide plate 168 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6. The position of the arms withrespect to the slide plate may be adjusted by changing spacing blocks222 and 224 through which the bolts 218 and 220 extend. Furthermore, thebolts may be loosened so that the cutting and finishing heads may beswung to the broken line position shown in FIG. 5 for adjustment orservicing purposes.

The removal of the folded margins 31 from the pages creates largequantities of paper dust, and the apparatus is provided with means forremoving such dust. This means includes a housing 226 shown best inFIGS. 3, 5 and 6. The housing 226 is formed so that it completelyencloses the cutting, notching and finishing heads 112 and 114. A slot228 is provided in an upper side of the housing so as to expose theuppermost peripheral portions of the saw blades and notching means andso as to permit engagement thereof with the lower marginal portions ofthe paper sheets. The housing 226 is further formed so that a portionthereof projects laterally from the rotary heads 112 and 114, whichportion is connected by means of an upwardly extending duct 2311 with asuitable fan or blower 232 which is adapted to draw air through theopening 228 in a manner so as to carry paper dust from the housing 226through the duct 230 and the blower unit 232, which blower unit is shownin FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that the blower unit may be of variousknown constructions and need not be shown or described in detail. Itsufiices to state that the blower may be connected with a suitabledischarge duct 234 so that the paper dust may be conveyed to any desiredpoint of discharge.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the means 1118 for preparing andadhesively connecting the inner edges of the pages includes means forapplying glue or adhesive material to the edges 11!) of the sheets 28after such edges have been prepared in the manner described above. Morespecifically, a glue pot 236 is located beneath the path of travel ofthe chain structure of the conveyor means 66 adjacent the previouslydescribed means for cutting and finishing the edges 110. The glue pot orcontainer 236 is adapted to contain a supply of adhesive material 233which may be maintained at an elevated temperature by means of a heater240. The adhesive material 238 may be of various animal gluecompositions or various synthetic adhesive compositions, but in anyevent, it is preferably provided or maintained in a condition ofrelatively low viscosity so as to promote penetration into the raw edgesof the sheets 28.

A partially submerged adhesive applying roller 242 is rotatablysupported within the container 236 and may be driven by any suitablemeans such as a motor 244 shown in FIG. 2. The roller 242 is adapted toapply a substantial excess adhesive material to the raw edges 111) ofthe folded sheets 28 as the sheets pass over the roller as shown in FIG.3 so as to promote penetration of the glue into the raw edges and alsoto promote complete filling of the notches 138 in the edges. A smallroller 245 is suitably driven opposite to the direction of movement ofthe conveyor for removing a portion of the excess adhesive from theedges 1 10. Scraper blades 246 and 248 are adjustably mounted within thecontainer 236 and project upwardly therefrom for engaging the edges 11%at a location downstream from the glue applying roller 242. The scraper:blades 246 and 243 are adapted to apply pressure which tends to forcethe glue into the raw edges 110 and into the notches 138. Inaddition,the scraper blades remove excess adhesive material from the edges 110 ofthe paper.

Upon completion of the glue or adhesive applying steps described above,portions of the adhesive material will have soaked into the pagesthrough the edges 1111 as indicated at 251 in FIG. 12, additionalportions of adhesive material fill the notches 138 as indicated at 252in FIG. 12 and a further portion of the adhesive material provides alayer 254 traversing the edges 111) also as shown in FIG. 12. Thesevarious portions of the adhesive material combined together to providethe previously mentioned adhesive connection 24 between the margins ofthe pages 22.

After the pages have been adhesively joined in the manner describedabove, covers 32 are applied to the successive sets of pages and themagazines or books or the like are trimmed and finished in accordancewith known procedures. Thus, as is schematically shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,covers 32 are successively delivered by a suitable feed mechanism 259 toconveyor means 252 which is driven by suitable means, not shown, intimed relationship with the conveyor means 66. As shown in FIG. 1, theconveyor means 252 has a portion which extends beneath the conveyormeans 65 and then travels upwardly for applying the covers to thesuccessive sets of pages at a Work station 254. Prior to the workstation 254 additional glue or adhesive applying means 256 may belocated. The means 256 may be of any known construction including acontainer 253 for a supply of adhesive material and a driven roller 269.The roller is adapted to apply additional adhesive material to thepreviously adhesively joined edges of successive sets of pages, whichadditional adhesive material serves to secure the covers to thesuccessive sets of pages. In general, the adhesive material supplied bythe means 256 may have a viscosity substantially greater than that ofthe previously described adhesive material, but the two materials mustbe compatible. It is further contemplated that in certain instances theadhesive applying means 256 may be omitted and the covers may be securedby the adhesive applied by the roller 242.

After the covers are applied at the work station 254, the magazines,books or the like 20 are ejected downwardly from the conveyor 66 at adischarge station 262 and deposited on another conveyor structure 264also of known construction. The conveyor structure 264 advances thearticles 20 to suitable apparatus, not shown, which trims the margins ofthe articles in a known manner.

A short resume of the method of preparing magazines, books and the likein accordance with features of the present invention is as follows.Pages to be bound together are first gathered in abutting relationshipwith certain edges thereof positioned in a predetermined mannerwhereupon the pages are continuously advanced along a predetermined pathof travel. While the pages are advancing portions of said edges areprogressively and evenly removed and a series of spaced notches isformed therein. The size and spacing of the notches may be varied inaccordance with the particular requirements of the paper beingprocessed. In general, paper which will absorb the adhesive materialrelatively easily requires fewer notches than paper which tends toabsorb the adhesive material more slowly. After the edges of the pageshave been cut and notched, an excess of relatively thin or low viscosityadhesive material is applied to the edges and pressed into the edges andinto the notches Whereupon any remaining excess adhesive material isremoved. Then, if desired, a cover is applied to the adhesively boundpages and secured thereto either by means of the orginally applied orwith the aid of additionally applied adhesive, and if desired ornecessary the resulting magazine, book or similar article issubsequently trimmed.

While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shownand described herein, it is obvious that many details may be changedwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

The invention is claimed as follows:

1. In an apparatus for binding a plurality of papers having means forconveying a plurality of pages with predetermined margins thereofadvancing along a path of travel, the combination comprising a pair ofadjacent axially spaced, axially confronting and oppositely rotatablehead means disposed adjacent said path of travel and rotatable in planesextending transversely of said path of travel, each of said head meansincluding a rotary saw blade disposed in a plane traversing said path oftravel and having a plurality of circumferentially spaced teethgenerally radially extending therefrom and inclined oppositely withrespect to the movement of pages along said path of travel at the pointof engagement between the teeth and pages for transversely removingsuccessive longitudinal portions of said margins to provide said pageswith substantially continuous raw edges, and means for driving said headmeans in opposite directions.

2. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein one said rotary head'means includes a plurality of rotary saw blades with the teeth of eachblade stepped to remove successive increments of said margins atincreasing depths.

3. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotatable headmeans include rotary notching tool means disposed adjacent said sawblades and said path of travel and projecting radially beyond the sawblade teeth for forming notches in said edges.

4. In an apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein one of said rotatablehead means in advance of said notching tool means includes a pluralityof rotary saw blades with the teeth of each blade stepped to removesuccessive increments of said margins at increasing depths.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,642,866 9/27Ackley 144143 1,723,999 8/29 Bernard -18 1,741,269 12/29 Alger 11-11,988,208 1/35 Martin 11-1 2,058,229 10/36 Hodgkins 29--78 2,069,2112/37 Brown 281-21 2,277,265 3/ 42 Zahniser 281-21 2,671,912 3/54 Stein11-1 2,753,000 7/56 Marek 83596 FOREIGN PATENTS 289,711 3/53Switzerland.

225,920 6/58 Australia.

580,161 7/59 Canada.

JEROME SCHNALL, Primary Examiner.

LAWRENCE CHARLES, Examiner.

1. IN AN APPARATUS FOR BINDING A PLURALITY OF PAPERS HAVING MEANS FORCONVEYING A PLURALITY OF PAGES WITH PREDETERMINED MARGINS THEREOFADVANCING ALONG A PATH OF TRAVEL, THE COMBINATION COMPRISING A PAIR OFADJACENT AXIALLY SAPCED, AXIALLY CONFRONTING AND OPPOSITELY ROTATABLEHEAD MEANS DISPOSED ADJACENT SAID PATH OF TRAVEL AND ROTATABLE IN PLANESEXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OF SAID PATH OF TRAVEL, EACH OF SAID HEAD MEANSINCLUDING A ROTARY SAW BLADE DISPOSED IN A PLANE TRAVERSING SAID PATH OFTRAVEL AND HAVING A PLURALITY OF CIRCUMFERENTIALLY SAPCED TEETHGENERALLY RADIALLY EXTENDING THEREFROM AND INCLINED OPPOSITELY WITHRESPECT TO THE MOVEMENT OF PAGES ALONG SAID PATH OF TRAVEL AT THE POINTOF ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN THE TEETH AND PAGES FOR TRANSVERSELY REMOVINGSUCCESSIVE LONGITUDINAL PORTIONS OF SAID MARGINS TO PROVIDE SAID PAGESWITH SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUS RAW EDGES, AND MEANS FOR DRIVING SAID HEADMEANS IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS.